Pengertian dan Fungsi
Elliptical Constructions
Elliptical Constructions adalah susunan kalimat yang bisa digunakan untuk
mengindikasikan/ menunjukkan bahwa seseorang, benda atau binatang melakukan/
tidak melakukan sesuatu, dan kemudian menambahkan (seseorang, benda atau
binatang) lainnya juga mengalami hal yang sama. Fungsi dari Elliptical
Constructions adalah untuk menghindari pengulangan kata yang tidak
dibutuhkan (tidak penting) dalam suatu kalimat. Untuk lebih jelasnya, silahkan
perhatikan contoh kalimat di bawah ini:
Contoh Kalimat Elliptical Constructions
I am happy and you are too.
(Saya senang dan kamu juga)
They will work in the lab tomorrow, and so will
you.
(Mereka akan bekerja di laboratorium besok, dan kamu juga)
I didn’t go to school this morning, and John didn’t either.
(Saya tidak pergi ke sekolah pagi ini, dan John juga
tidak)
I didn’t go to school this morning, and neither did
John.
(Saya tidak pergi ke sekolah pagi ini, dan John juga
tidak)
Berdasarkan contoh kalimat di atas, semoga bisa di pahami
mengenai penggunaan darielliptical constructions ini. Pada contoh
kalimat pertama, untuk menghindari pengulangan kata dimana ada 2 orang yang
merasa bahagia “happy”, maka kita menggunakan elliptical
constructions untuk menghindari pengulangan tersebut dengan
menggunakan kata “too”. Aturan yang sama juga berlaku untuk
contoh kalimat lainnya.
Bentuk Dari Elliptical Constructions
1. Affirmative Agreement
2. Negative Agreement
Affirmative Agreement
Untuk menghilangkan pengulangan kata pada suatu kalimat kita
bisa menggunakan kata“so” atau “too”. Ada
perbedaan pada susunan kalimatnya ketika menggunaan kata “so”dan “too”.
Silahkan perhatikan rumus berikut:
Ketika hanya ada “to be” pada klausa
utama (main clause), maka tenses yang sama dari“to
be” digunakan pada klausa kedua (second clause). Contohnya:
I am hungry = I am hungry, and you
are too.
You are hungry = I am hungry,
and so are you.
|
Affirmative
statement (to be) + and +
|
Subject + to be + too
|
|
So + to be +
subject
|
Contoh kalimat lainnya:
Their plane is arriving at 7 o’clock, and so
is mine.
I am sick, and He is too.
Our class is clean, and so are theirs.
Bella is beautiful, and her sister is
too.
My hand writing is bad, and so are you.
Ketika hanya ada kata kerja bantu (auxiliary verb), contohnya:
will, should, has, have, must, etc pada klausa utama (main clause), kata
kerja bantu nya (auxiliary verb) juga digunakan pada klausa kedua (second
clause). Contohnya:
He has seen her plays = He has seen her
plays, and the girls have too.
The girls have seen her plays = He has
seen her plays, and so have the girls.
|
Affirmative
statement + and +
(auxiliary
verb)
|
Subject + auxiliary
verb only +too
|
|
So + auxiliary
verb only + subject
|
Contoh kalimat lainnya:
They will go at noon, and she will too.
He has an early appointment, and so
have I.
They have written their lyrics, and so
have we.
Richard has lived in Cuba for five years,
and they have too.
I should finish the report, and she
should too.
Ketika hanya ada kata kerja (verb) tanpa auxiliary
verb pada klausa utama (main clause), kata kerja bantu do, does,
atau did digunakan pada klausa kedua (second clause)
dan tensesnya harus sama. Contohnya:
We go to school = We go to
school, and my brother does too.
My brother goes to school = We go to
school, and so does my brother.
|
Affirmative
statement + and +
(single verb except
”to be”)
|
Subject + (do, does,
did) + too
|
|
So + (do,
does, did) + subject
|
Contoh kalimat lainnya:
We want to buy a fountain, and she does
too.
My mother likes traveling, and so do
their mother.
My brother invites him to the party, and my
sister does too.
They wrote a good poem, and so did he.
Fred cooked fried rice for his breakfast,
and Tina did too.
Negative Agreement
“Either” dan “neither” memiliki
fungsi yang sama seperti kata “too” dan “so” pada
klausa kedua (second clause) dalam kalimat positif (affirmative sentence/
agreement). Kata“Either” dan “neither” ini
digunakan untuk mengindikasikan kalimat negative (negative sentence/
agreement). Aturan yang sama juga berlaku untuk penggunaan “to be”,
“auxiliary verb” (kata kerja bantu), dan “verb” (kata
kerja). Contohnya:
I didn’t go to the mosque yesterday, and Ali
didn’t either.
I didn’t go to the mosque yesterday, and neither
did Ali.
|
Negative statement +
and +
|
Subject + negative
auxiliary or “to be” + either
|
|
Neither + positive auxiliary or “to be” + subject
|
Contoh kalimat lainnya:
The manager isn’t too happy with the project,
and neither is his assistant.
We can’t study in the library, and he
can’t either.
You didn’t pay the taxes, and they
didn’t either.
My brother won’t accept my father’s decision,
and my sister won’t either.
He doesn’t know the answer, and neither
does she.
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